2. The substantiation of structured system of self-rescuers for the population

Longstanding domestic and foreign experience of development and manufacturing of personal safety equipment of various purpose (including self-rescuers) shows that development of the unified model of the filtering type providing full protection of the person in all possible situations of influence of harmful factors is rather complex technical problem that can hardly be solved through manufacture of products of common use. It is caused by undetermined characteristics of the factors of defeat that occur from variety of dangerous substances, value of extreme situations and conditions of their originations. Due to the mentioned uncertainty filtering-absorbing systems of self-rescuers should be highly universal, i.e. provide cleaning of inhaled air of aerosols, fumes and gases with essentially differing physical and chemical properties that demands their equipment with synchronous filtering materials and several types of sorbents and catalysts. Intention of achieving universal protective properties leads to necessity to create product with rather big weight and dimensions.

On the other hand, the chances of using large-size self-rescuers as an everyday rescue equipment are rather limited. In case of sudden emergency people can only be protected by means that are within the limits of their reach. If it is possible to store self-rescuers in immediate vicinity from the work person, for example, in private office, weight and dimensions of the product do not matter. At the same time in other situations, for example, being in public transport, in concert hall, in stadium, in shop, etc., it is necessary to have light and portable means that is comfortable and ready to use.

It's obvious that the most effective protection of the population will be reached through establishment of the system of self-rescuers including both large-sized and portable products. Determining structure and establishing requirements to the separate parts of the system of self-rescuers is an objective of high priority. The example of such system of self-rescuers for the population is shown on fig. 1. Having the system of the self-rescuers including a number of products with various characteristics available, we need to assume as indispensable condition necessity of development and ratification of the documents regulating standards of maintenance and order of use of the products in various situations.